Peru - Cross of Military Merit, Knight Class (Cruz Peruana al Mérito Militar, Caballero)
The Cross of Military Merit (Cruz Peruana al Mérito Militar) was instituted in February 1949 as a military decoration for outstanding service in the defense of Peru. It is awarded to Peruvian military personnel who demonstrate exceptional courage, leadership, and dedication to national security.
This Knight Class (Caballero) issue is one of the entry-level ranks of the order, recognizing bravery and distinguished service in the armed forces.
This specific piece:
Dimensions: 56.92 mm (height) x 51.08 mm (width)
Material: Silver (925 hallmark) with white enamel details
Condition: Excellent, with original ribbon mounted with pin for wear
Engravings:
Silver hallmark "925" and maker's name on the lower arm of the cross
Original ribbon intact with pin-back for proper wear
Design Features
Overall Structure
Large silver cross pattée, symbolizing valor and military honor.
Rays between the arms, enhancing its prestigious appearance.
Circular laurel wreath suspension, representing triumph and military distinction.
Obverse (Front) Details
Circular central medallion bearing a relief portrait of Coronel Francisco Bolognesi.
Encircling white enamel ring inscribed: "CRUZ PERUANA AL MÉRITO MILITAR" (Peruvian Cross of Military Merit).
Reverse (Back) Details
Identical design to the front, but with the white enamel ring inscribed with Coronel Bolognesi’s name.
Suspension & Ribbon
Original ribbon intact, mounted with a pin-back clasp for proper wear.
Historical Context
Institution & Purpose
Created in February 1949 to honor military personnel for outstanding acts of bravery, leadership, and dedication to Peru’s defense.
Remains an active military decoration in the Peruvian Armed Forces.
Coronel Francisco Bolognesi (1816–1880)
Peruvian military leader and national hero.
Retired in 1871 as Commander-in-Chief of the Artillery.
When the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) broke out, he returned to active duty.
Defended the town of Arica (May–June 1880) against Chilean forces outnumbering his troops 3 to 1.
Famous last words before battle:
"Tengo deberes sagrados que cumplir y los cumpliré hasta quemar el último cartucho."
("I have a sacred duty to accomplish, and I will fulfill it until I burn the last cartridge.")
Died in battle on June 7, 1880, becoming a symbol of patriotism and military sacrifice in Peru.
This Peru - Cross of Military Merit, Knight Class is a historically significant and well-preserved military decoration. Dedicated to the heroism of Coronel Francisco Bolognesi, it remains a powerful symbol of Peru’s military heritage. With its intact enamel, silver hallmark (925), and original ribbon, it is a valuable addition to any collection of Peruvian or Latin American military orders.
For further authentication and valuation, please refer to the provided pictures to assess condition, silver patina, and enamel quality.